The upgrade of the HESS cameras

被引：6

作者：

Giavitto, Gianluca ^{[1
]}

Ashton, Terry ^{[2
]}

Balzer, Arnim ^{[3
]}

Berge, David ^{[3
]}

Brun, Francois ^{[4
]}

Chaminade, Thomas ^{[4
]}

Delagnes, Eric ^{[4
]}

Fontaine, Gerard ^{[6
]}

Fuessling, Matthias ^{[1
]}

Giebels, Berrie ^{[6
]}

Glicenstein, Jean-Francois ^{[4
]}

Graeber, Tobias ^{[1
]}

Hinton, Jim ^{[7
]}

Jahnke, Albert ^{[7
]}

Klepser, Stefan ^{[1
]}

Kossatz, Marko ^{[1
]}

Kretzschmann, Axel ^{[1
]}

Lefranc, Valentin ^{[1
,5
]}

Leich, Holger ^{[1
]}

Luedecke, Hartmut ^{[1
]}

Lypova, Iryna ^{[1
]}

Manigot, Pascal ^{[6
]}

Marandon, Vincent ^{[7
]}

Moulin, Emmanuel ^{[4
]}

de Naurois, Mathieu ^{[6
]}

Nayman, Patrick ^{[3
]}

Ohm, Stefan ^{[1
]}

Penno, Marek ^{[1
]}

Ross, Duncan ^{[2
]}

Salek, David ^{[3
]}

Schade, Markus ^{[1
]}

Schwab, Thomas ^{[7
]}

Simoni, Rachel ^{[3
]}

Stegmann, Christian ^{[1
]}

Steppa, Constantin ^{[1
]}

Thornhill, Julian ^{[2
]}

Toussnel, Francois ^{[5
]}

机构：

[1] DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany

[2] Univ Leicester, Dept Phys & Astron, Univ Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England

[3] Univ Amsterdam, Astron Inst Anton Pannekoek, GRAPPA, Sci Pk 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands

[4] CEA Saclay, DSM Irfu, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[5] Univ Denis Diderot Paris 7, Univ Pierre & Marie Curie Paris 6, LPNHE, CNRS,IN2P3, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France

[6] Ecole Polytech, Lab Leprince Ringuet, CNRS, IN2P3, F-91128 Palaiseau, France

[7] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, POB 103980, D-69029 Heidelberg, Germany

来源：

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT | 2017年 / 876卷

基金：

英国科学技术设施理事会; 新加坡国家研究基金会;

关键词：

HESS upgrade; Atmospheric Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes; NECTAr chip; PMT readout;

D O I：

10.1016/j.nima.2016.12.057

中图分类号：

TH7 [仪器、仪表];

学科分类号：

0804 ; 080401 ; 081102 ;

摘要：

The High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) is an array of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) located in the Khomas highland in Namibia. It was built to detect Very High Energy (VHE > 100 GeV) cosmic gamma rays. Since 2003, HESS has discovered the majority of the known astrophysical VHE gamma-ray sources, opening a new observational window on the extreme non-thermal processes at work in our universe. HESS consists of four 12-m diameter Cherenkov telescopes (CT1-4), which started data taking in 2002, and a larger 28-m telescope (CT5), built in 2012, which lowers the energy threshold of the array to 30 GeV. The cameras of CT1-4 are currently undergoing an extensive upgrade, with the goals of reducing their failure rate, reducing their readout dead time and improving the overall performance of the array. The entire camera electronics has been renewed from ground-up, as well as the power, ventilation and pneumatics systems, and the control and data acquisition software. Only the PMTs and their HV supplies have been kept from the original cameras. Novel technical solutions have been introduced, which will find their way into some of the Cherenkov cameras foreseen for the next-generation Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observatory. In particular, the camera readout system is the first large-scale system based on the analog memory chip NECTAr, which was designed for CTA cameras. The camera control subsystems and the control software framework also pursue an innovative design, exploiting cutting-edge hardware and software solutions which excel in performance, robustness and flexibility. The CT1 camera has been upgraded in July 2015 and is currently taking data; CT2-4 have been upgraded in fall 2016. Together they will assure continuous operation of HESS at its full sensitivity until and possibly beyond the advent of CTA. This contribution describes the design, the testing and the in-lab and on-site performance of all components of the newly upgraded HESS camera.

引用

页码：35 / 38

页数：4

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