[1] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, Dept Mech Engn & Engn Sci, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
[2] Univ North Carolina Charlotte, North Carolina Motorsports & Automot Res Ctr, VESL, Charlotte, NC 28223 USA
[3] Beihang Univ, Sch Transportat Sci & Engn, Dept Automot Engn, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China
[4] Beihang Univ, VESL, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China
[5] Beihang Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Beijing 100191, Peoples R China
[6] Beijing New Energy Vehicle Technol Innovat Ctr Co, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China
[7] Beijing Automot Res Ctr Co Ltd, Beijing 101300, Peoples R China