Combining digital pill and smartphone data to quantify medication adherence in an observational psychiatric pilot study

Digital medicine systems (DMSs) offer a potential solution to increase medication adherence, which is an important barrier to treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this pilot, we enrolled N = 24 individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness to use an FDA-approved DMS for 5 months. We also collected digital phenotyping smartphone data to study behavioral associations with medication adherence. Our results suggest it is feasible to use the system, and we identified longitudinal associations between adherence and some of the communication -based phenotyping features. Larger studies and a focus on data quality are important next steps for this work.