Electronically facilitated transdermal delivery of human parathyroid hormone (1-34)

Electronically facilitated transdermal delivery of human parathyroid hormone (1-34), hPTH (1-34), was investigated in vitro, using dermatomed porcine skin. The effect of iontophoretic current density,electroporative pulse voltages and also electroporation followed by iontophoresis was investigated on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of hPTH (1-34). Iontophoresis at 0.5 mA/cm(2) Current density significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) the flux of hPTH (1-34) in comparison to passive flux. Electroporation pulses of 100, 200 and 300 V significantly increased (P < 0.05) the flux of hPTH (1-34) in comparison with the passive as well as iontophoretic flux at 0.5 mA/cm(2). The electroporative flux of hPTH (1-34) was found to vary linearly (R-2 = 0.97) with the pulse amplitude. The principal barrier of the skin, stratum corneum, was found perturbed following the pulses as evident by light microscopy studies. The application of electroporation pulses followed by iontophoresis further increased the flux by several fold. The flux of hPTH (1-34) with the electroporation Pulses Of 100 and 300V followed by iontophoresis at 0.2 mA/cm(2) was 10- and 5-fold higher, respectively, in comparison to the flux with corresponding pulses alone. This shows the synergistic effect of iontophoresis in combination with electroporation on skin permeability of hPTH (1-34). The results indicate the possibility of designing controlled transdermal delivery systems for hPTH (1-34) using electroporation followed by iontophoresis. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.