Species-based Particle Swarm Optimizer enhanced by memory for dynamic optimization

Both the species strategy and the memory scheme are efficient methods for addressing dynamic optimization problems. However, the combination of these two efficient techniques has scarcely been studied. Thus, this paper focuses on how to hybridize these two methods. In this paper, a new swarm updating method is proposed to enhance a representative species-based algorithm, i.e., SPSO (Species-based Particle Swarm Optimization), and the new algorithm is named MSPSO. MSPSO has two characteristics. First, the number of replaced particles in the current swarm is set adaptively according to the number of species. To not substantially destroy the exploitation capability of each species, no more than one particle in each species is replaced by the memory. Second, the retrieved memory particles are categorized according to their fitness values and their distances to the seed of the closest species. Aimed at enhancing the search in both promising areas and existing species, each category is processed by different operations. The MPB, Cyclic MPB and DRPBG are used to test the performance of MSPSO. Experimental results demonstrate that MSPSO is competitive for dynamic optimization problems. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.