Utilization of some waste products as a mineralizers in the formation of Portland cement clinker

Portland cement clinker is a hydraulic material which consists of at least two-thirds by mass of calcium silicates (beta-C2S, C-3S), the remainder containing C(3)A and C(4)AF. The aim of the present work is to study the utilization of by-pass cement dust, phosphogypsum and granulated slag as mineralizers in the formation of portland cement clinker. Mixes with various proportions of the mineralizers and cement raw meal were fired 1200degrees, 1300degrees and 1400degreesC for two hours then sudden cooled in the atmospheric air. The kinetics of formation were studied by the determination of the free lime and insoluble residue of the fired samples. The formation of the clinker was also investigated by XRD technique. The results of free lime and insoluble residue contents show the presence of high amount of free lime for samples fired at 1200degreesC then decreases with firing temperature up tp 1400degreesC. Samples fired at 1400degreesC show complete disappearance of free lime less than 1.40% insoluble residue, therefore the clinker is completely formed. It was found that, the slag is the most suitable mineralizer of portland cement clinker. The by-pass cement dust increases the formation of alite in the clinker due to the oncrease of high CaO content in the dust. Also, phosphogypsum acted as minerlizer in the formation of portland cement clinker.