Radiolarian age of red chert from the Kunimiyama ferromanganese deposit in the Northern Chichibu Belt, central Shikoku, Japan

The radiolarian age of red chert from the Kunimiyama area of the Northern Chichibu Belt was determined in order to constrain the depositional age of the Kunimiyama deposit that is among the largest ferromanganese deposits in Japan. Pseudoalbaillella cf. scalprata Holdsworth and Jones, Pseudoalbaillella cf. longicornis Ishiga and Imoto and Pseudoalbaillella sp. belonging to the Ps. lomentaria Zone are found in the red chert, indicating an age of middle Early Permian (middle Wolfcampian). The red chert occurs immediately above the ferromanganese deposit, and the boundary between them is gradual. Based oil their mode of occurrence and geochemical features, it is most likely that radiolarian chert and ferromanganese precipitate accumulated simultaneously to produce red chert during the waning stage of submarine hydrothermal activity that was responsible for the Kunimiyama deposit. Consequently, the age of Kunimiyama stratiform ferromanganese deposit is constrained as middle Early Permian (middle Wolfcampian).