Regulation of fibroblast functions by lysophospholipid mediators: Potential roles in wound healing

The bioactive lysophospholipids, primarily lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), are recent additions to the list of potent mediators of tissue repair and wound healing. In this review, we highlight the diverse actions of LPA and S1P on many types of cells involved in the wound healing process, with special emphasis on their regulation of fibroblasts. The effects of LPA and S1P are principally mediated via specific cell surface receptors. Important signaling pathways downstream of these receptors and the importance of TGF beta and S1P cross-talk for wound healing are also discussed. Moreover, specific agonists and antagonists of the lysophospholipid receptors may be useful for the treatment of wounds and abnormal wound healing.