Context. Island landscapes and component biodiversity provide invaluable services. However, these are threatened by climate change. There is currently no framework for assessing and mitigating such threats on islands. Aims. Based on an existing adaptation standard, we aimed to propose a systematic approach for planning the adaptation of islands based on a risk management process. Methods. For each risk, we investigated a range of adaptation approaches that can be considered and selected by conservation practitioners in designing conservation interventions. Key results. For each risk identified, a range of adaptation measures can be selected: do nothing; maintain and enhance habitat, intensive species management, and preserve populations (including through ex situ conservation); or exploit the natural characteristics of islands to conserve biodiversity. Conclusions. This approach provides a decision-making matrix of risks/drivers vs adaptation measures to assist in the design of conservation interventions, which can be applied to Australian islands on a priority basis.
