At present, with the rapid development of society, concrete has been widely used in various construction. For example, building construction, bridge construction and so on, almost all construction can not be separated from concrete. Therefore, the use of concrete is also profoundly related to the quality and safety of the building. In the process of using concrete, the temperature field of concrete has a great influence on concrete. In the process of concrete construction, cracks are likely to appear due to excessive temperature difference between inside and outside, which has a serious impact on building quality and safety. Therefore, it is particularly important to study the temperature field of concrete and effectively control its temperature. Thermodynamic parameters and boundary conditions have the greatest influence on the accuracy of concrete temperature control experimental calculation. However, obtaining these relevant parameters by means of traditional experiments requires high experimental cost, and is often inconsistent with the actual situation of concrete. Therefore, on the basis of simulated annealing algorithm, this paper makes relevant improvements. Through implementation, it can be found that the improved simulated annealing algorithm can be applied in the back analysis of concrete temperature field, and relevant Suggestions and measures can be put forward for the temperature control of concrete.