Background Ample evidence exists for a protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on cardiovascular risk. Recently, genotype of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) has been reported to modify the impact of alcohol consumption on the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). This study investigates whether ADH1C genotype modifies the effect of alcohol consumption on CHD risk and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods Analyses of the joint effects of alcohol consumption and ADH1C genotype on CHD risk and HDL cholesterol level using Cox proportional hazards models and linear models. Results Participants who were homozygous or heterozygous for the slow metabolizing gamma(2)-allele and reported alcohol intake of more than 14g/day showed a 64% [hazard rate ratio (HRR), 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.16-0.80] reduction in CHD risk. This effect was particularly pronounced in men (HRR, 0.27; 95% Cl, 0.11-0.67). Women who reported alcohol intake >= 2 g/day showed a nonsignificant risk reduction (HRR, 0.39; 95% Cl, 0.07-2.17). No significant interactions were found among alcohol consumption, ADH1C genotype, and HDL cholesterol levels. Conclusions In this study, alcohol dehydrogenase modifies the effect of alcohol consumption on coronary risk. The results support the protective effect of alcohol consumption on CHD risk and suggest a causal association of alcohol intake and lower CHD risk. The impact of ADH1C on the relationship between alcohol and HDL cholesterol is less clear. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 14:769-774 (c) 2007.
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Univ Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, GermanyUniv Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
Karakas, M.
Baumert, J.
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German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, Neuherberg, GermanyUniv Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
Baumert, J.
Herder, C.
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Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Clin Diabetol, German Diabet Ctr, Leibniz Ctr Diabet Res, Dusseldorf, GermanyUniv Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
Herder, C.
Rottbauer, W.
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Univ Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, GermanyUniv Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
Rottbauer, W.
Meisinger, C.
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German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, Neuherberg, GermanyUniv Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
Meisinger, C.
Koenig, W.
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Univ Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, GermanyUniv Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
Koenig, W.
Thorand, B.
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German Res Ctr Environm Hlth, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Inst Epidemiol 2, Neuherberg, GermanyUniv Ulm, Dept Internal Med Cardiol 2, Med Ctr, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Basque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
CIBERESP, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Arriola, L.
Martinez-Camblor, P.
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Basque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
CIBERESP, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Martinez-Camblor, P.
Larranaga, N.
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Basque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
CIBERESP, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Larranaga, N.
Basterretxea, M.
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Basque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
CIBERESP, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Basterretxea, M.
Amiano, P.
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Basque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
CIBERESP, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
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Basque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
CIBERESP, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Carracedo, R.
Agudo, A.
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Catalan Inst Oncol ICO, Canc Epidemiol Res Programme, Unit Nutr Environm & Canc, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Agudo, A.
Ardanaz, E.
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CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
Publ Hlth Inst Navarra, Pamplona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Ardanaz, E.
Barricarte, A.
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CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
Publ Hlth Inst Navarra, Pamplona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Barricarte, A.
Buckland, G.
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Catalan Inst Oncol ICO, Canc Epidemiol Res Programme, Unit Nutr Environm & Canc, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Buckland, G.
Cirera, Lluis
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CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
Murcia Hlth Council, Dept Epidemiol, Murcia, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Cirera, Lluis
Chirlaque, M. D.
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CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
Murcia Hlth Council, Dept Epidemiol, Murcia, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Chirlaque, M. D.
Martinez, C.
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CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
Andalusian Sch Publ Hlth, Granada, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Martinez, C.
Molina, E.
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CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
Andalusian Sch Publ Hlth, Granada, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Molina, E.
Navarro, C.
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CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
Murcia Hlth Council, Dept Epidemiol, Murcia, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Navarro, C.
Quiros, J. R.
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Publ Hlth & Hlth Planning Directorate, Asturias, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Quiros, J. R.
Rodriguez, L.
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Publ Hlth & Hlth Planning Directorate, Asturias, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Rodriguez, L.
Sanchez, M. J.
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CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
Andalusian Sch Publ Hlth, Granada, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Sanchez, M. J.
Tormo, M. J.
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CIBERESP, Barcelona, Spain
Murcia Hlth Council, Dept Epidemiol, Murcia, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Tormo, M. J.
Gonzalez, C. A.
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Catalan Inst Oncol ICO, Canc Epidemiol Res Programme, Unit Nutr Environm & Canc, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
Gonzalez, C. A.
Dorronsoro, M.
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Basque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain
CIBERESP, Barcelona, SpainBasque Govt, Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian 20003, Spain