Ping-Pong Handover Effect Reduction in 5G and Beyond Networks

Handover (HO) is an essential process in mobile wireless networks to ensure that the user equipment remains connected to the network while moving within the coverage of evolved nodes. The main challenge of HO is to provide a robust and seamless process. This challenge becomes crucial in fifth generation and beyond systems utilizing millimeter-waves and ultradense small cells. This condition is because this characterization increases the HO probability (HOP), which may lead to an increase in the HO ping-pong (HOPP) effects. This study proposes a self-optimization HO algorithm based on fuzzy logic to reduce the HOP and HOPP effects. This study is conducted through simulation on Matlab software. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm significantly decreases the HOP and HOPP probabilities compared with the state-of-art algorithms, thereby improving the network performance.