Information scrambling in quantum circuits

被引：146

作者：

Mi, Xiao ^{[1
]}

Roushan, Pedram ^{[1
]}

Quintana, Chris ^{[1
]}

Mandra, Salvatore ^{[2
,3
]}

Marshall, Jeffrey ^{[2
,4
]}

Neill, Charles ^{[1
]}

Arute, Frank ^{[1
]}

Arya, Kunal ^{[1
]}

Atalaya, Juan ^{[1
]}

Babbush, Ryan ^{[1
]}

Bardin, Joseph C. ^{[1
,5
]}

Barends, Rami ^{[1
]}

Basso, Joao ^{[1
]}

Bengtsson, Andreas ^{[1
]}

Boixo, Sergio ^{[1
]}

Bourassa, Alexandre ^{[1
,6
]}

Broughton, Michael ^{[1
]}

Buckley, Bob B. ^{[1
]}

Buell, David A. ^{[1
]}

Burkett, Brian ^{[1
]}

Bushnell, Nicholas ^{[1
]}

Chen, Zijun ^{[1
]}

Chiaro, Benjamin ^{[1
]}

Collins, Roberto ^{[1
]}

Courtney, William ^{[1
]}

Demura, Sean ^{[1
]}

Derk, Alan R. ^{[1
]}

Dunsworth, Andrew ^{[1
]}

Eppens, Daniel ^{[1
]}

Erickson, Catherine ^{[1
]}

Farhi, Edward ^{[1
]}

Fowler, Austin G. ^{[1
]}

Foxen, Brooks ^{[1
]}

Gidney, Craig ^{[1
]}

Giustina, Marissa ^{[1
]}

Gross, Jonathan A. ^{[1
]}

Harrigan, Matthew P. ^{[1
]}

Harrington, Sean D. ^{[1
]}

Hilton, Jeremy ^{[1
]}

Ho, Alan ^{[1
]}

Hong, Sabrina ^{[1
]}

Huang, Trent ^{[1
]}

Huggins, William J. ^{[1
]}

Ioffe, L. B. ^{[1
]}

Isakov, Sergei, V ^{[1
]}

Jeffrey, Evan ^{[1
]}

Jiang, Zhang ^{[1
]}

Jones, Cody ^{[1
]}

Kafri, Dvir ^{[1
]}

Kelly, Julian ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Google Res, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

[2] NASA, QuAIL, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA

[3] KBR Inc, Houston, TX USA

[4] USRA Res Inst Adv Comp Sci, Mountain View, CA USA

[5] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA

[6] Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Mol Engn, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

[7] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA

[8] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA

[9] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA

来源：

SCIENCE | 2021年 / 374卷 / 6574期

关键词：

SUPREMACY;

D O I：

10.1126/science.abg5029

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Interactions in quantum systems can spread initially localized quantum information into the exponentially many degrees of freedom of the entire system. Understanding this process, known as quantum scrambling, is key to resolving several open questions in physics. Here, by measuring the time-dependent evolution and fluctuation of out-of-time-order correlators, we experimentally investigate the dynamics of quantum scrambling on a 53-qubit quantum processor. We engineer quantum circuits that distinguish operator spreading and operator entanglement and experimentally observe their respective signatures. We show that whereas operator spreading is captured by an efficient classical model, operator entanglement in idealized circuits requires exponentially scaled computational resources to simulate. These results open the path to studying complex and practically relevant physical observables with near-term quantum processors.

引用

页码：1479 / +

页数：51

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