A prospective observational study on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in pulmonology department of tertiary care hospital

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, preventable, and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation that is due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities usually caused by significant exposure to noxious particles or gasses. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. An acute exacerbation of COPD refers to a flare up or episode where a person breathing becomes worse than normal. Acute exacerbation in COPD (AECOPD) is frequent in the course of the illness and is the most common reason for medical visits, hospital admissions, and mortality among these patients. Exacerbations of COPD are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. To assess the exposure and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD with COPD Assessment Test (CAT Scale) and mMRC (modified Medical Research Council) Dyspnea scale. Study design was a hospital-based prospective observational study. Study site was conducted at Pulmonology Department of Government General Hospital, Vijayawada. Results The total patients were 197. Out of which, 119 were from In-patient Department (IPD) and 78 were from Out-patient Department (OPD). In this study, males were 167 (85%), among which, IPD were 97 (49%), OPD were 70 (36%), and females were 30 (15%), among which, IPD were 22 (11%), OPD were 8 (4%). Conclusion The morbidity and mortality of COPD have been increased in recent years. This study concludes that there is a relation between risk of acute exacerbations in COPD with habitual history and occupational history. Increase in exposure to occupational hazards, smoking habit leads to an increase in risk of acute exacerbations in COPD patients. The level of severity was more in smokers and the patients who had biomass, organic dust, and mineral exposure. When severity was observed, group D severity is more observed in population according to CAT scale and mMRC dyspnea scale.