Using community-level metrics to monitor the effects of marine protected areas on biodiversity

被引:21
|
作者
Soykan, Candan U. [1 ]
Lewison, Rebecca L. [1 ]
机构
[1] San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA
关键词
abundance; biomass; ecological indicator; monitoring; MPA; species diversity; species richness; abundancia; AMP; biomasa; diversidad de especies; indicador ecologico; monitoreo; riqueza de especies; RESERVES; INDICATORS; FISH; IMPACT; SIZE;
D O I
10.1111/cobi.12445
中图分类号
X176 [生物多样性保护];
学科分类号
090705 ;
摘要
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are used to protect species, communities, and their associated habitats, among other goals. Measuring MPA efficacy can be challenging, however, particularly when considering responses at the community level. We gathered 36 abundance and 14 biomass data sets on fish assemblages and used meta-analysis to evaluate the ability of 22 distinct community diversity metrics to detect differences in community structure between MPAs and nearby control sites. We also considered the effects of 6 covariatesMPA size and age, MPA size and age interaction, latitude, total species richness, and level of protectionon each metric. Some common metrics, such as species richness and Shannon diversity, did not differ consistently between MPA and control sites, whereas other metrics, such as total abundance and biomass, were consistently different across studies. Metric responses derived from the biomass data sets were more consistent than those based on the abundance data sets, suggesting that community-level biomass differs more predictably than abundance between MPA and control sites. Covariate analyses indicated that level of protection, latitude, MPA size, and the interaction between MPA size and age affect metric performance. These results highlight a handful of metrics, several of which are little known, that could be used to meet the increasing demand for community-level indicators of MPA effectiveness. Uso de Medidas a Nivel de Comunidad para Monitorear los Efectos de las areas Marinas Protegidas sobre la Biodiversidad Las areas marinas protegidas (AMP) son usadas para proteger especies, comunidades y sus habitats asociados, ademas de tener otros objetivos. Sin embargo, medir la eficiencia de las AMP puede ser un reto, particularmente cuando se consideran las respuestas a nivel de comunidad. Reunimos conjuntos de datos sobre ensambles de peces, 36 conjuntos sobre abundancia y 14 sobre biomasa, y usamos un meta-analisis para evaluar la habilidad de deteccion de diferencias en la estructura de las comunidades entre las AMP y sitios cercanos de control de 22 medidas distintas de diversidad de comunidades. Tambien consideramos los efectos de seis covarianzas en cada medida - tamano y edad de la AMP, interaccion entre el tamano y la edad de la AMP, latitud, riqueza total de especies y nivel de proteccion. Algunas medidas comunes, como la riqueza de especies y la diversidad de Shannon, no difirieron consistentemente entre las AMP y los sitios de control, mientras que otras medidas, como la abundancia total y la biomasa, fueron diferentes de manera consistente en los estudios. Las respuestas de las medidas, derivadas de los conjuntos de datos sobre biomasa, fueron mas consistentes que aquellas basadas en los conjuntos de datos sobre abundancia, lo que sugiere que la biomasa a nivel de comunidad entre las AMP y los sitios de control difiere de manera mas predecible que la abundancia. Los analisis de covarianza indicaron que el nivel de proteccion, la latitud, el tamano de la AMP y la interaccion entre el tamano y la edad de la AMP afectan el desempeno de las medidas. Estos resultados resaltan a un punado de medidas, varias de las cuales son poco conocidas, que podrian usarse para satisfacer la demanda creciente de indicadores a nivel de comunidad de la efectividad de las AMP. Resumen
引用
收藏
页码:775 / 783
页数:9
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