Pediatric uveitis: A comprehensive review

被引:52
|
作者
Maleki, Arash [1 ,2 ]
Anesi, Stephen D. [1 ,2 ]
Look-Why, Sydney [1 ,2 ]
Manhapra, Ambika [1 ,2 ]
Foster, C. Stephen [1 ,2 ,3 ]
机构
[1] Massachusetts Eye Res & Surg Inst, 1440 Main St Ste 201, Waltham, MA 02451 USA
[2] Ocular Immunol & Uveitis Fdn, Waltham, MA USA
[3] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Ophthalmol, Boston, MA 02115 USA
关键词
HLA-B27; Juvenile idiopathic uveitis; Pars planitis; pediatric uveitis; Sarcoidosis; Seronegative; TINU; Toxoplasmosis; Tubulointerestial nephritis uveitis; JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS; TERTIARY REFERRAL CENTER; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; RISK-FACTORS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; EARLY-ONSET; NONINFECTIOUS UVEITIS; CHILDHOOD-ONSET; ANTERIOR UVEITIS; RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS;
D O I
10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.06.006
中图分类号
R77 [眼科学];
学科分类号
100212 ;
摘要
Pediatric uveitis accounts for 5-10% of all uveitis. Uveitis in children differs from adult uveitis in that it is commonly asymptomatic and can become chronic and cause damage to ocular structures. The diagnosis might be delayed for multiple reasons, including the preverbal age and difficulties in examining young children. Pediatric uveitis may be infectious or noninfectious in etiology. The etiology of noninfectious uveitis is presumed to be autoimmune or autoinflammatory. The most common causes of uveitis in this age group are idiopathic and juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis. The stepladder approach for the treatment of pediatric uveitis is based on expert opinion and algorithms proposed by multidisciplinary panels. Uveitis morbidities in pediatric patients include cataract, glaucoma, and amblyopia. Pediatric patients with uveitis should be frequently examined until remission is achieved. Once in remission, the interval between follow-up visits can be extended; however, it is recommended that even after remission the child should be seen every 8-12 weeks depending on the history of uveitis and the medications used. Close follow up is also necessary as uveitis can flare up during immunomodulatory therapy. It is crucial to measure the impact of uveitis, its treatment, and its complications on the child and the child's family. Visual acuity can be considered as an acceptable criterion for assessing visual function. Additionally, the number of cells in the anterior chamber can be a measure of disease activity. We review different aspects of pediatric uveitis. We discuss the mechanisms of noninfectious uveitis, including autoimmune and autoinflammatory etiologies, and the risks of developing uveitis in children with systemic rheumatologic diseases. We address the risk factors for developing morbidities, the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria for timing and anatomical classifications, and describe a stepladder approach in the treatment of pediatric uveitis based on expert opinion and algorithms proposed by multi-disciplinary panels. In this review article, We describe the most common entities for each type of anatomical classification and complications of uveitis for the pediatric population. Additionally, we address monitoring of children with uveitis and evaluation of Quality of Life. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
引用
收藏
页码:510 / 529
页数:20
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