Preparation of an electrochemical sensor based on a HKUST-1/CoFe2O4/SiO2-modified carbon paste electrode for determination of azaperone

The CoFe2O4@SiO2@HKUST-1 were prepared via a multi-step self-assembly technique. X-ray diffraction spectrum and field emission scanning electron microscopy were used to characteriz the CoFe2O4@SiO2@HKUST-1. A sensitive modified carbon paste electrode was constructed utilizing CoFe2O4@SiO2@HKUST-1 (CPE/ CoFe2O4@SiO2@HKUST-1) to determine azaperone (AZN). A comprehensive evaluation performed on the AZN electrochemical process through diverse potentiostatic and galvanostatic techniques such as chronoamperometry, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Decreased over-potential with sharply boosted electrochemical current evoked the impressive electrocatalytic effect of CoFe2O4@SiO2@HKUST-1 on AZN oxidation. The AZN oxidation on the CPE/CoFe2O4@SiO2@HKUST-1 surface obeyed a diffusion-adsorption dualprocess favorable for response boosting. At the optimal condition, the better conductivity and greater surface areas of the modified CPE helped to achieve a wide linear range for AZN determination (0.05 to 10000 nM) with a trace detection limit of 0.01 nM. The satisfactory results of the selectivity studies revealed performable AZN sensing in the standard and real samples by CPE/CoFe2O4@SiO2@HKUST-1. Also, validation of the method showed good precision for repetitious experiments and satisfactory accuracy (relative recovery 85 % to 103.4 %) for AZN determination in the ostrich meat and rat blood serum.