Low-loss high-index-contrast planar waveguides with graded-index cladding layers

We experimentally demonstrate, for the first time, propagation loss reduction via graded-index (GRIN) cladding layers in high-index-contrast (HIC) glass waveguides. We show that scattering loss arising from sidewall roughness can be significantly reduced without compromising the high-index-contrast condition, by inserting thin GRIN cladding layers with refractive indices intermediate between the core and topmost cover of a strip waveguide. Loss as low as 1.5 dB/cm is achieved in small core (1.6 mu m x 0.35 mu m), high-index-contrast (Delta n = 1.37) arsenic-based sulfide strip waveguides. This GRIN cladding design is generally applicable to HIC waveguide systems such as Si/SiO(2). (C) 2007 Optical Society of America.