Kuhn vs. Popper on criticism and dogmatism in science: a resolution at the group level

被引:33
|
作者
Rowbottom, Darrell P. [1 ]
机构
[1] Univ Oxford, Fac Philosophy, Oxford OX1 2JD, England
来源
关键词
D O I
10.1016/j.shpsa.2010.11.031
中图分类号
N09 [自然科学史]; B [哲学、宗教];
学科分类号
01 ; 0101 ; 010108 ; 060207 ; 060305 ; 0712 ;
摘要
Popper repeatedly emphasised the significance of a critical attitude, and a related critical method, for scientists. Kuhn, however, thought that unquestioning adherence to the theories of the day is proper; at least for 'normal scientists'. In short, the former thought that dominant theories should be attacked, whereas the latter thought that they should be developed and defended (for the vast majority of the time). Both seem to have missed a trick, however, due to their apparent insistence that each individual scientist should fulfil similar functions (at any given point in time). The trick is to consider science at the group level; and doing so shows how puzzle solving and 'offensive' critical activity can simultaneously have a legitimate place in science. This analysis shifts the focus of the debate. The crucial question becomes 'How should the balance between functions be struck?' (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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页码:117 / 124
页数:8
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