The dimensionality of the UWES-17 and UWES-9: Testing second-order and bifactor models

Extant research on the factor structure of the Utrecht Work Engagement Survey (UWES) across multiple study settings has consistently produced conflicting results. The study examined the dimensionality of the UWES-17 and UWES-9 using second-order and bifactor models. Cross-sectional data were collected from 213 employees in the private (n = 70), non-governmental (n = 73), and government (n = 70) sectors. The sample comprised more men (61%) than women (39%). The mean age was 38.6 years (SD = 8.87 years). Results from data analyses in R and the Bifactor Indices calculator yielded inconclusive second-order models. The bifactor analysis demonstrated the presence of a strong general factor for both the UWES-17 and UWES-9. The criterion related validity of the UWES-17 and UWES-9 was supported. UWES total scores appear valid for assessing levels of work engagement in diverse sectors.