The association the patient-reported outcomes after periacetabular osteotomy with radiographic features: a short-term retrospective study

Background Bernese periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an effective treatment for patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). PAO has been widely used in China, but few follow-up outcomes have been reported in the international community. Moreover, the risk factors affecting patient-reported outcomes have not been discussed in recent studies. In this study, patient-reported outcomes after PAO were reported, and risk factors affecting patient-reported outcomes were analyzed. Methods Patients who underwent PAO for DDH from January 2014 to January 2020 were selected as the study subjects, and 66 hips were included in the analysis after screening (59 patients, with an average follow-up time of 3.01 years). The Harris Hip Score (HHS) and International Hip Outcome Instrument-12 (iHOT-12) were used to assess hip function and patient quality of life. The changes of preoperative and latest follow-up HHSs less than 9 were defined as symptomatic hips, that is, an adverse outcome; otherwise, the score indicates preserved hips. Also, the changes of preoperative and latest follow-up iHOT-12 were defined as symptomatic hips and preserved hips. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to predict the risk factors influencing the patient-reported outcomes, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed on the risk factors to determine their sensitivity, specificity and cutoff value. Results Clinical outcome analysis demonstrates marked improvements in patient-reported outcomes. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that when the postoperative LCEA was > 38 degrees, adverse outcomes were much more likely. However, a Tonnis angle of - 10 degrees to 0 degrees was a protective factor. In addition, hips with fair or poor joint congruency were more likely to develop negative outcomes. The ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal thresholds for the LCEA and Tonnis angles used to predict outcomes after PAO were 38.2 degrees and - 9 degrees, respectively. Based on the results of the ROC curve analysis, among hips with poor or fair joint congruency preoperatively treated by surgeons who obtained the improper postoperative LCEAs and Tonnis angles, bad patient-reported outcomes will most likely be obtained. Conclusions Our results demonstrate marked improvements in patient-reported outcomes. Among hips with preoperative excellent or good joint congruency treated by experienced surgeons who obtain the proper postoperative LCEA and Tonnis angles, good patient-reported outcomes can be expected.