Mogroside V attenuates gestational diabetes mellitus via SIRT1 pathway in a rat model

Purpose: To investigate the function of mogroside V in gestational diabetes mellitus in a rat model. Methods: Rats were divided into three groups: control rats (N = 6), rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (N = 6), and mogroside V-treated rats with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM, N = 6). Rats in the gestational diabetes mellitus group were injected intraperitoneally with 35 mg/kg streptozotocin while rats in mogroside V group were orally gavaged with 100 mg/kg mogroside V for 20 days. Blood sugar, insulin, and leptin levels were measured using commercial kits. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were also assessed using commercial kits. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to determine morphological changes in placenta and pancreas. Results: Streptozotocin injection significantly increased blood sugar, insulin, and leptin levels and elevated the body weight of both fetal and gestational diabetes mellitus rats (p < 0.01). The serum levels of TG, TC and HDL also increased in rats with gestational diabetes mellitus. However, mogroside V treatment reduced blood sugar, insulin, and leptin levels, and lowered the serum levels of TG, TC and HDL. Streptozotocin injection induced morphological damage in placenta and pancreas, but mogroside V administration ameliorated the pathologic damage. Additionally, mogroside V administration attenuated the streptozotocin injection-induced decrease in SIRT1 levels in the rats. Conclusion: Mogroside V alleviates pathological damage in the placenta and pancreas of rats with gestational diabetes mellitus by down-regulating SIRT1, indicating the potential of mogroside V for managing gestational diabetes mellitus.