Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall;
Indian Ocean Dipole;
El Nino Modoki;
Walker circulation;
Sea surface temperature;
SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE;
RAINFALL;
ENSO;
WITHDRAWAL;
ANOMALIES;
TREND;
SST;
D O I:
10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2021.101235
中图分类号:
P3 [地球物理学];
P59 [地球化学];
学科分类号:
0708 ;
070902 ;
摘要:
The year 2019 experienced an excess monsoon season over the Indian region, with the seasonal rainfall being 110 % of the long period average (LPA). Several zones across the country suffered multiple extreme rainfall events and flood situations resulting in a massive loss of life and property. The first half of 2019 experienced a moderate El Nino Modoki event that lasted till midsummer. Another important feature of 2019 was the strongest recorded positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) that lasted approximately seven months from May to November. This study has examined the reasons for the intra-seasonal variability of rainfall over India during the 2019 monsoon using available remote sensing and reanalysis data. Our analysis has shown that the presence of El Nino and the formation of a very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) in the Arabian Sea were unfavorable for the monsoon onset and its northward advancement during June. However, the Walker circulation associated with El Nino helped strengthen the IOD developed early in the Indian Ocean, much before the monsoon onset. The anomalously strong IOD strengthened the monsoon circulation during July-September and resulted in excess rainfall over India.
机构:
Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, JapanHokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan
Tokinaga, H
Tanimoto, Y
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机构:
Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, JapanHokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan
机构:
Univ Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, AustraliaUniv Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
Jarvis, C.
Darbyshire, R.
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机构:
New South Wales Dept Ind, Queanbeyan, NSW 2620, AustraliaUniv Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
Darbyshire, R.
Eckard, R.
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机构:
Univ Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
Agr Victoria, Tatura, Vic 3616, AustraliaUniv Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
Eckard, R.
Goodwin, I.
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机构:
Agr Victoria, Tatura, Vic 3616, AustraliaUniv Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
Goodwin, I.
Barlow, E.
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Univ Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, AustraliaUniv Melbourne, Fac Vet & Agr Sci, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia