Risk reduction through public participation in environmental decisions

Public participation has become central to environmental policy throughout the U.S. Navy, and throughout all levels of our government. In less than a decade, public involvement has fundamentally changed the government's approach to environmental decision making. However, participation can take many forms and can facilitate or impede action depending on how it is managed in particular contexts. This paper explores several fundamental components of effective public participation, and discusses examples that provide useful lessons for individuals tasked with engaging members of the public. In assessing what constitutes effective public participation, the author suggests a role for Navy environmental managers and decision makers that protects the Navy's ability to conduct work effectively and efficiently, while recognizing the value of public involvement.