Rapid quasi-periodic oscillations in the relativistic jet of BL Lacertae

被引：32

作者：

Jorstad, S. G. ^{[1
,2
]}

Marscher, A. P. ^{[1
]}

Raiteri, C. M. ^{[3
]}

Villata, M. ^{[3
]}

Weaver, Z. R. ^{[1
]}

Zhang, H. ^{[4
,5
]}

Dong, L. ^{[6
]}

Gomez, J. L. ^{[7
]}

Perel, M., V ^{[8
]}

Savchenko, S. S. ^{[2
,9
,10
]}

Larionov, V. M. ^{[2
,10
]}

Carosati, D. ^{[11
,12
]}

Chen, W. P. ^{[13
]}

Kurtanidze, O. M. ^{[14
,15
,16
]}

Marchini, A. ^{[17
]}

Matsumoto, K. ^{[18
]}

Mortari, F. ^{[19
]}

Aceti, P. ^{[20
,21
]}

Acosta-Pulido, J. A. ^{[22
,23
]}

Andreeva, T. ^{[24
]}

Apolonio, G. ^{[25
]}

Arena, C. ^{[26
]}

Arkharov, A. ^{[10
]}

Bachev, R. ^{[27
,28
]}

Bonnoli, G. ^{[7
,17
,29
]}

Borman, G. A. ^{[30
]}

Bozhilov, V ^{[31
]}

Carnerero, M., I ^{[3
]}

Damljanovic, G. ^{[32
]}

Ehgamberdiev, S. A. ^{[33
,34
]}

Elsasser, D. ^{[35
,36
]}

Frasca, A. ^{[37
]}

Gabellini, D. ^{[19
]}

Grishina, T. S. ^{[2
]}

Gupta, A. C. ^{[38
]}

Hagen-Thorn, V. A. ^{[2
]}

Hallum, M. K. ^{[1
]}

Hart, M. ^{[1
]}

Hasuda, K. ^{[39
]}

Hemrich, F. ^{[35
]}

Hsiao, H. Y. ^{[13
]}

Ibryamov, S. ^{[40
]}

Irsmambetova, T. R. ^{[41
]}

Ivanov, D., V ^{[24
]}

Joner, M. D. ^{[25
]}

Kimeridze, G. N. ^{[14
]}

Klimanov, S. A. ^{[10
]}

Knoett, J. ^{[35
]}

Kopatskaya, E. N. ^{[2
]}

Kurtanidze, S. O. ^{[14
,16
]}

机构：

[1] Boston Univ, Inst Astrophys Res, Boston, MA 02215 USA

[2] St Petersburg State Univ, Astron Inst, St Petersburg, Russia

[3] Osservatorio Astrofis Torino, INAF, Turin, Italy

[4] NASA Postdoctoral Program, Greenbelt, MD USA

[5] NASA Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA

[6] Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA

[7] Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC, Granada, Spain

[8] St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia

[9] Russian Acad Sci, Special Astrophys Observ, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia

[10] Pulkovo Observ, St Petersburg, Russia

[11] EPT Observ, Tijarafe, La Palma, Spain

[12] TNG Fdn Galileo Galilei, INAF, La Palma, Spain

[13] Natl Cent Univ, Grad Inst Astron, Taoyuan, Taiwan

[14] Abastumani Observ, Mt Kanobili, Abastumani, Georgia

[15] Kazan Fed Univ, Engelhardt Astron Observ, Tatarstan, Russia

[16] Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Zentrum Astron, Heidelberg, Germany

[17] Univ Siena, Dept Phys Sci Earth & Environm, Astron Observ, Siena, Italy

[18] Osaka Kyoiku Univ, Astron Inst, Kashiwara, Japan

[19] Hypatia Observ, Rimini, Italy

[20] Osservatorio Astron Citta Seveso, Seveso, Italy

[21] Politecn Milan, Dept Aerosp Sci & Technol, Milan, Italy

[22] Univ La Laguna, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Tenerife, Spain

[23] Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, Tenerife, Spain

[24] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Appl Astron, St Petersburg, Russia

[25] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA

[26] Grp Astrofili Catanesi GAC, Catania, Italy

[27] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Astron, Sofia, Bulgaria

[28] Bulgarian Acad Sci, Natl Astron Observ, Sofia, Bulgaria

[29] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, Merate, Italy

[30] Crimean Astrophys Observ RAS, Bakhchisaray, Crimea, Ukraine

[31] Univ Sofia, Fac Phys, Dept Astron, Sofia, Bulgaria

[32] Astron Observ Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

[33] Ulugh Beg Astron Inst, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

[34] Natl Univ Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

[35] Nat Wissensch Lab Schuler FKG, Hans Haffner Sternwarte, W Rzburg, Germany

[36] TU Dortmund Univ, Dept Phys, Dortmund, Germany

[37] INAF Osservatorio Astrofis Catania, Catania, Italy

[38] Aryabhatta Res Inst Observat Sci ARIES, Naini Tal, India

[39] Aoyama Gakuin Univ, Dept Phys Sci, Tokyo, Japan

[40] Univ Shumen, Fac Nat Sci, Dept Phys & Astron, Shumen, Bulgaria

[41] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Sternberg Astron Inst, Moscow, Russia

[42] Ctr Estudios Fis Cosmos Aragon, Teruel, Spain

[43] Montarrenti Observ, Siena, Italy

[44] Univ Wurzburg, Lehrstuhl Astron, Wurzburg, Germany

[45] Wild Boar Remote Observ, Florence, Italy

[46] Nordic Opt Telescope, Santa Cruz De Tenerife, Spain

[47] Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Aarhus C, Denmark

[48] Presidency Univ, Dept Phys, Kolkata, India

来源：

NATURE | 2022年 / 609卷 / 7926期

基金：

美国国家航空航天局; 日本学术振兴会; 美国国家科学基金会; 俄罗斯基础研究基金会;

关键词：

ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; BLAZAR; 3C; 279; GAMMA-RAY; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; INSTABILITY; LONG;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-022-05038-9

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Blazars are active galactic nuclei (AGN) with relativistic jets whose non-thermal radiation is extremely variable on various timescales(1-3). This variability seems mostly random, although some quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), implying systematic processes, have been reported in blazars and other AGN. QPOs with timescales of days or hours are especially rare(4) in AGN and their nature is highly debated, explained by emitting plasma moving helically inside the jet(5), plasma instabilities(6,7) or orbital motion in an accretion disc(7,8). Here we report results of intense optical and gamma-ray flux monitoring of BL Lacertae (BL Lac) during a dramatic outburst in 2020 (ref. (9)). BL Lac, the prototype of a subclass of blazars(10), is powered by a 1.7 x 10(8) M-Sun (ref. (11)) black hole in an elliptical galaxy (distance = 313 megaparsecs (ref. (12))). Our observations show QPOs of optical flux and linear polarization, and gamma-ray flux, with cycles as short as approximately 13 h during the highest state of the outburst. The QPO properties match the expectations of current-driven kink instabilities(6) near a recollimation shock about 5 parsecs (pc) from the black hole in the wake of an apparent superluminal feature moving down the jet. Such a kink is apparent in a microwave Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) image.

引用

页码：265 / +

页数：16

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