Fitness professionals' perceptions of acceptability and usability of anti-doping education tools for recreational sports

Objective The use of performance and image enhancement drugs (PIEDs) in recreational sport is a common practice and there is a need to develop preventive interventions. The study's aim was to investigate the acceptability and usability of an online e-learning course and an information app designed to support PIED prevention training activities in professionals working with recreational athletes. Design A mixed-method design was used with 51 professionals from Finland, Greece, and Lithuania evaluating the e-learning course through surveys and interviews. Similarly, 19 Greek professionals evaluated the information app. Main outcome measures Participants completed surveys and participated in semi-structured interviews measuring both tool's acceptability, usability, and implementation. Results Participants commented positively on the value and content of both tools. They reported increased knowledge on PIEDs risks and understanding of motives for PIED use. Also, their competence and confidence in interacting with clients and assisting them to quit increased. The e-learning course was perceived as compatible with existing practices. The main barrier was a lack of time in interacting with clients. Conclusion The study provides valuable information on the acceptability and usability of two educational approaches against doping. Anti-doping educational authorities could integrate these tools into their activities to educate fitness instructors about doping.