Evolution of information and communication technology in Tanzania and its impact on ocean data and information management

Efforts to modernize information technology in Tanzania started as early as 1965 when the first computer in the country was installed in the ministry of finance. Unfortunately, these efforts were hampered by several problems that included the lack of qualified indigenous personnel and uncoordinated planning. The problems were very bad experiences to the government, and as a reaction to that in 1974 the government banned the importation of computers and all related equipment (accessories and peripheries) into Tanzania. This severe decision of the government has had a great negative impact on the development of information technology and computer literacy in all fronts including ocean data and information management in Tanzania. However, the situation has greatly much improved recently following various efforts by the government and the donor community to remedy the situation. Even though, the effects of the 1974 government decision are still noticeable. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO in collaboration with the Flanders Government have played a key role in the improvement and structuring of ocean data and information management in Tanzania through Ocean Data and Information Network for Africa (ODINAFRICA) project. These efforts include capacity building in both human resources and infrastructure, creating/increasing awareness among stakeholders and scientists on the need of having a sound data and information management system in the country, and helping Tanzania to establish a National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.