Evaluating The Effects of Genotype and Environment on Yield and Some Quality Parameters in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Principal Component and GGE Biplot Analyses

This study was conducted to evaluate genotype and genotype x environment interaction via principal component and biplot analysis on grain yield and some quality parameters with five bread wheat genotypes (Pehlivan, Aldane, Selimiye, Gelibolu and Bereket) and three advanced lines (TE-5843, TE-5427 and TE-5857) in 2011, 2012 and 2013 production season in Edirne, Kirklareli and Tekirdag locations (a total number of nine environments). The experiment was desighned in a randomized complete block design with four replications. In the study, grain yield (GY), thousand kernel weight (TKW), test weight (TW), protein ratio (PR), gluten content (GC), gluten index (GI) and zeleny sedimentation (ZS) traits were investigated. Genotype, environment and genotype x environment interactions were found significant for all investigated traits. According to the results, the lowest., the highest. and mean values were determined as 598.5 708.3 (661.6) kg da(-1) for GY, 35.3 - 46.5 (40.7) g for TKW, 80.4 83.3 (82.2) kg hl(-1) for TW, 10.9 12.6 (11.7)% for PR, 28.1-36.5 (33.0)% for GC. 62.9-94.2 (85.1) % for GI and 38.4-56.2 (47.6) ml for ZS. respectively. Based on environment. averages the highest values were obtained from Bereket cultivar for GY (708.3 kg da(-1)), Pehlivan cultivar for TKW (46.48 g), Aldane cultivar for PR (12.60%) and ZS (56.22 ml). Selimive cultivar for TW (83.27%), TE-5427 genotype for GC (36.50%) and TE - 5857 for GI (94.21%). The principal component biplot analysis (PCA) explained 86.1% of the relationship between the investigated traits and genotypes. Thus, a negative correlation was determined between GY and PR. GGE biplot analysis explained 72.07% of the relationship of genotype + genotype x environment for GY. Therefore, three mega environments were determined and Bereket and Gelibolu cultivars took place in the biggest. mega environment consisted of six environments as featured cultivars.