IMP: Impedance Matching Enhanced Power-Delivered-to-Load Optimization for Magnetic MIMO Wireless Power Transfer System

Recently, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology has been introduced into magnetic resonant coupling (MRC) enabled wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for concurrent charging of multiple devices. However, impedance mismatching phenomena caused by strong TX-RX or RX-RX coupling greatly affect the power delivered to load (PDL) in practical charging systems. To solve this issue, we propose an effective scheduling algorithm for Impedance Matching enhanced PDL optimization in MIMO MRC-WPT systems (called IMP), which integrates the transmitter scheduling together with the impedance matching techniques, i.e., adjusting TX coils for tuning TX-RX coupling and grouping RXs to separate strongly coupled RX pairs. We formulate this as a joint optimization problem and decouple it into three sub-problems, i.e., current scheduling, coil adjustment, and RX grouping, and solve them through alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) based, tabu search (TS) based, and graph clique cover based algorithms, respectively. Extensive experiments are performed on a prototype testbed, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution. Compared with the state-of-the-art power transfer efficiency (PTE) maximization solution, the proposed algorithm IMP achieves a 74.7X performance improvement of PDL on average.