Anomalous ferromagnetic behaviour of Y2O3 and CuO nanoparticles in YBa2Cu3Oy superconductor

Anomalous ferromagnetic behaviour of the Y2O3 and CuO components in YBa2Cu3Oy (Y123) was observed after severe reduction of particle size. The particle size reduction was performed in following way: Y2O3, BaCO3 and CuO were ground for different times to reduce the particle size to the nanoscale. It was found that the superconducting phase could not be obtained without heat treatment, but a weak ferromagnetic behaviour of the mixture was observed at liquid and room temperatures.. In order to understand which compound is responsible for this weak ferromagnetism, the Y2O3, BaCO3 and CuO powders were separately ground and M-H loops taken at 290K. The results indicated that both Y2O3 and CuO powders showed weak ferromagnetism, but BaCO3 showed anti ferromagnetism. It is thought that energy transfer to the powder particles by grinding results in severe plastic deformation of the particles to produce dislocations, vacancies and atomic disorder. We discuss then the observations in the context of recent studies of the magnetic properties of nanoscale oxide materials.