Health care utilization following a non-urgent visit in emergency department and primary care

Unscheduled visits to an emergency department (ED) or to primary care (PC) are often followed by further healthcare contacts. Present knowledge about predisposing factors and differences between healthcare levels is sparse. The objectives of this study were to describe and to analyze factors influencing subsequent healthcare contacts within 30 days following a non-urgent ED visit or an unscheduled visit in PC. In this prospective cohort study, subjects were identified and interviewed at the time of a non-urgent ED visit or unscheduled visits to PC. Data of all healthcare contacts during 1 month were collected. The probability of reattendance was analyzed regarding socio-demographic factors, previous and present health care utilization, the physicians' perceptions of the urgency of the visit, and appropriateness of its level of care. More than half of the patients in both settings had at least one contact with healthcare the following month. In 16% of the ED patients and 9% of PC patients, these contacts were to an ED. In the multivariate analysis, patients with regular monitoring of chronic disease were associated with an increased probability of having one or more physician visit the following month (OR 1.97 CI 95% 1.15-3.36). In conclusion, previous health care utilization was associated with an increased probability of one or more further physician visits the following month, regardless of the setting for the index visit or other patients characteristics. Physicians' perception of urgency did not influence the probability of further contacts.