Multimodels of teacher effectiveness: Implications for research

A new conception of teacher effectiveness research in this article includes 7 models: (a) goal and task-emphasizes teachers' personal achievement goals and tasks and school goals; (b) resource utilization-requires teachers' effective use and procuration of school resources to achieve goals; (c) process-stresses teachers' contribution to effective teaching and school process; (d) school constituencies satisfaction-expects teachers to meet the needs of their students, parents, school, and community; (e) accountability-focuses on teachers' accountability and professional reputation; (f) absence of problems-requires teachers to identify and avoid potential problems, weakness, dysfunction, and crises; and (g) continuous learning-emphasizes teachers' awareness of environmental changes and continuous improvement and development.