An Overview of Natural and Synthetic Coumarin Derivatives as Potential Antidiabetic Agents

The common term for cis-o-hydroxy cinnamic acid lactones, which all possess the fundamental structure of the benzo a-pyranone mother nucleus, is coumarins. Especially in Umbelliferae, Rutaceae, Daphne, and Oleaceae, coumarins are extensively dispersed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds of higher plants. A few coumarins are also detected in certain microbes and mammals. Certain coumarin molecules may also be synthesized artificially. We have discussed the probable mechanisms behind coumarins' anti-diabetic benefits. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies show that coumarins may treat diabetes by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, enhancing pancreatic function, and reversing aberrant insulin signaling. As a result, they are useful and need further study and development. In conclusion, it is clear that coumarins have a range of biochemical and pharmacological characteristics, some of which have potential therapeutic value that may be useful against diabetes and its consequences. To sum up, improvements in the area have allowed for the isolation or chemical design of novel advantageous compounds with coumarin cores as candidates against diabetes and its consequences; nevertheless, additional study is necessary before safe and effective coumarin medications are employed in the clinic.