The application of the Music Therapy Visual Schedule Approach (MT-ViSA) within a group music therapy program

Introduction: There is evidence to suggest that the use of visual schedules within music therapy practice is beneficial; however, there is a paucity of supporting literature for using these tools in programs for families with complex needs. This study investigates the application of the existing Music Therapy Visual Schedule Approach (MT-ViSA) to this focus population group. Method: Participants considered to be families with complex needs were recruited using a purposive sampling strategy to attend a 6-week music therapy program. Data collection was informed by a hybrid mixed methods design with observation, survey and interview methods being used. A bricolage research approach forms the theoretical framework for the analysis, demonstrating the joint juxtapositioning of qualitative and quantitative data. Results: Eight parent-child dyads participated in the study with a 100% attendance rate achieved. The use of the MT-ViSA assisted participants with the routine and structure of the sessions, supporting attendance and engagement. When investigating how the visual flip-book schedule primed the children for music-making, four themes emerged: understanding, anticipating, self-regulating and exercising agency. A single embedded case example is included to further illustrate these themes. Discussion: This paper has implications for music therapy practice. The work highlights the beneficial role of the MT-ViSA for families with complex needs and suggests that this approach may potentially benefit different population groups. The theoretical model is presented and discussed, along with project limitations including the small sample size and data collection tools. In conclusion, future research plans and training are shared.