A comparison of lispro and regular insulin for the management of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pregnancy

Objective. To describe perinatal outcomes of women with pregestational diabetes treated with short-acting, regular insulin and the short-acting insulin analogue, lispro. Study design. This was a prospective observational study of women with pregestational diabetes maintained on short-acting insulin regimens over a 3-year period. Clinical characteristics, aspects of diabetic therapy, and perinatal/neonatal outcomes were collected. Results. Of 107 women, 49 were maintained on regular insulin and 58 utilized the insulin analogue, lispro. Frequency of type 1 diabetes, maternal age, overweight/obese pregravid body mass index (>= 25 kg/m(2)), preexisting hypertension, and presence of vascular disease were similar between groups. Women treated with lispro had a longer duration of diabetes (11.4 vs. 8.3 years, p=0.04). Glycemic control was improved in women managed with lispro compared to regular insulin (HgbA1c 5.9 vs. 6.7, p=0.009). Total insulin requirements were lower in the lispro group in the first (0.58 vs. 0.79 units/kg, p=0.02), second (0.75 vs. 1.10 units/kg, p=0.002), and third (0.98 vs. 1.25 units/kg, p=0.03) trimesters of pregnancy. Mean infant birth weight was greater in the lispro group, whereas the rate of large for gestational age infants and ponderal indices were similar between groups. Malformation rate, gestational age at delivery, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal length of stay, rates of respiratory distress syndrome, and hypoglycemia were similar. Conclusions. Women treated with lispro demonstrated improved glycemic control and lower total insulin requirements during pregnancy compared to those receiving regular insulin. Perinatal outcomes were similar between women treated with both types of insulin.