Reactive oxygen species-based nanomaterials for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injuries

Interventional coronary reperfusion strategies are widely adopted to treat acute myocardial infarction, but morbidity and mortality of acute myocardial infarction are still high. Reperfusion injuries are inevitable due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells. However, many antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs are largely limited by pharmacokinetics and route of administration, such as short half-life, low stability, low bioavailability, and side effects for treatment myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective drugs and technologies to address this issue. Fortunately, nanotherapies have demonstrated great opportunities for treating myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Compared with traditional drugs, nanodrugs can effectively increase the therapeutic effect and reduces side effects by improving pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties due to nanodrugs' size, shape, and material characteristics. In this review, the biology of ROS and molecular mechanisms of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury are discussed. Furthermore, we summarized the applications of ROS-based nanoparticles, highlighting the latest achievements of nanotechnology researches for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.