Development of self-compacting concrete

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) can be defined as a fresh concrete which possesses superior flowability under maintained stability (i.e. no segregation) thus allowing self-compaction-that is, material consolidation without addition of energy. It was first developed in Japan in 1988 in order to achieve durable concrete structures by improving quality in the construction process. This was also partly in response to the reduction in the numbers of skilled workers available in the industry. This paper outlines a brief history of SCC from its origins in Japan to the development of the material throughout Europe. Research and development into SCC in the UK and Europe are discussed, together with a look at the future for the material in Europe and the rest of the world. Research and development of SCC is being conducted by private companies (mainly product development), by universities (mainly pure research into the material's properties), by national bodies and working groups (mainly the production of national guidelines and specifications) and at European level (Brite-EuRam and RILEM projects on test methods and the casting of SCC, respectively). Although SCC is not expected to ever completely replace conventionally vibrated concrete, the use of the material in both the precast and ready-mix markets in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world is expected to continue to increase as the experience and technology improves, the clients demand a higher-quality finished product and the availability of skilled labour continues to decrease.