Energy-Efficient Trajectory Optimization for UAV-Enabled Cellular Communications Based on Physical-Layer Security

Low-altitude cellular-enabled Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) provide potential supplementary platforms to assist air-to-ground cooperative communication. This paper investigates a joint safety information interaction scheme for a UAV-enabled network, which involves the complex constraints of three-dimensional trajectory planning, average energy efficiency optimization, and physical-layer security. Specifically, by modeling the UAV and the Ground Station (GS) as the transmit sources, we define the secure Energy Efficiency (EE) as the ratio of the total secrecy rate to the energy consumption of the whole system. Then, to achieve secure and energy-efficient communication in eavesdropping scenarios, we formulated the optimization problem as maximizing both the uplink/downlink secure EE of the system, subject to the constraints of the UAV's mobility and the allowable transmit power. For this highly coupled non-convex problem, a composite solution of joint fractional programming, alternate optimization, the bisection method, and the interior-point method is proposed to obtain the achievable EE. Simulation and performance analysis gave the conclusions that the joint optimization of trajectory and power allocation is capable of maximizing the information secure EE. Additionally, the secure EE increases with the increase of the average transmit power, which finally tends to be stable.