Cascade Biocatalytic Processes through Combined Cross-linked Enzyme Aggregates

Cascade reactions catalyzed by immobilized multi enzymatic systems are emerging as a tool to address the increasing need for green and sustainable chemistry. In this regard, the carrier-free immobilization strategy of combined cross-linked enzymes aggregates (combi-CLEAs) is of great interest. In a combi-CLEAs two or more enzymes are co-immobilized into a single unit where they are accommodated in close proximity in order to minimize the inter -mediates diffusion in the reaction medium, at the same time allowing the access of substrates and coenzymes to the active sites. The use of CLEAs provides a simple and low cost method-ology that enhances operational and storage enzyme stability and facilitates biocatalyst recov-ery and recycle. Some significant applications of cascade reactions catalyzed by combi-CLEAs are reported in this mini-review. These examples have been applied on a multigram scale and have furnished practical steps towards the implementation of enzymes on an industrial scale.