Prolonged Normothermic Ex Vivo Kidney Perfusion Is Superior to Cold Nonoxygenated and Oxygenated Machine Perfusion for the Preservation of DCD Porcine Kidney Grafts

Background. The increased usage of marginal grafts has triggered interest in perfused kidney preservation to minimize graft injury. We used a donation after circulatory death (DCD) porcine kidney autotransplantation model to compare 3 of the most frequently used ex vivo kidney perfusion techniques: nonoxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion (non-oxHMP), oxygenated hypothermic machine perfusion (oxHMP), and normothermic ex vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP). Methods. Following 30 min of warm ischemia, grafts were retrieved and preserved with either 16 h of non-oxHMP, oxHMP, or NEVKP (n = 5 per group). After contralateral nephrectomy, grafts were autotransplanted and animals were followed for 8 d. Kidney function and injury markers were compared between groups. Results. NEVKP demonstrated a significant reduction in preservation injury compared with either cold preservation method. Grafts preserved by NEVKP showed superior function with lower peak serum creatinine (NEVKP versus non-oxHMP versus oxHMP: 3.66 +/- 1.33 mg/dL, 8.82 +/- 3.17 mg/dL, and 9.02 +/- 5.5 mg/dL) and more rapid recovery. The NEVKP group demonstrated significantly increased creatinine clearance on postoperative day 3 compared with the cold perfused groups. Tubular injury scores on postoperative day 8 were similar in all groups. Conclusions. Addition of oxygen during HMP did not reduce preservation injury of DCD kidney grafts. Grafts preserved with prolonged NEVKP demonstrated superior initial graft function compared with grafts preserved with non-oxHMP or oxHMP in a model of pig DCD kidney transplantation.