How much does sex matter in Parkinson disease?

Sex and gender differences denote the biological and the sociocultural differences, respectively, between men and women. Conceivably, along with many other modifying factors (e.g., aging), male and female brains respond to neurodegenerative processes in different ways, thus contributing to distinct clinical expressions. Parkinson disease (PD) is not an exception as, for instance, the incidence is approximately twofold higher in men.(1) Differences in motor symptoms have been extensively analyzed, showing that women with PD have a more benign phenotype, with milder progression but higher incidence of levodopa-induced dyskinesias.(2</SUP)