An integrated SWOT-multi-criteria analysis of implementing sustainable waste-to-energy in Pakistan

Waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies present attractive and sustainable solutions for transforming waste into clean energy. These technologies offer best solution for Pakistan to tackle environmental and public health problems stemming from increasing amount of waste and uncontrolled manner of waste management. Also, clean energy generated from waste can aid the country to mitigate her energy crisis and reduce hazardous emissions. Successful implementation of WtE however requires preliminary investigation to examine various strategic aspects and challenges before policy formulation and implementation, respectively. So, this study performs SWOT analysis to explore SWOT factors of WtE implementation and then draws SWOT strategies by matching internal and external factors of SWOT matrix. Twenty-eight SWOT sub-factors (seven under each factor) were identified through literature survey, while twelve SWOT strategies were formulated. To obtain the quantitative importance of factors and subfactors, and prioritize strategies, SWOT analysis is integrated with hybrid MCDM. Fuzzy set and grey system theories are incorporated to enhance the efficacy of proposed model. The quantitative importance of 'Opportunities' main factor transcends other factors. Renewable energy generation 'O-2' subfactor topped among overall sub-factors. The prioritization of SWOT strategies provides foundation for devising the WtE policy hierarchy, which shall help decision-makers to take right policy steps. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.