A Resource-Efficient Embedded Iris Recognition System Using Fully Convolutional Networks

Applications of fully convolutional networks (FCN) in iris segmentation have shown promising advances. For mobile and embedded systems, a significant challenge is that the proposed FCN architectures are extremely computationally demanding. In this article, we propose a resource-efficient, end-to-end iris recognition flow, which consists of FCN-based segmentation and a contour fitting module, followed by Daugman normalization and encoding. To attain accurate and efficient FCN models, we propose a three-step SW/HW co-design methodology consisting of FCN architectural exploration, precision quantization, and hardware acceleration. In our exploration, we propose multiple FCN models, and in comparison to previous works, our best-performing model requires 50x fewer floating-point operations per inference while achieving a new state-of-the-art segmentation accuracy. Next, we select the most efficient set of models and further reduce their computational complexity through weights and activations quantization using an 8-bit dynamic fixedpoint format. Each model is then incorporated into an end-to-end flow for true recognition performance evaluation. A few of our end-to-end pipelines outperform the previous state of the art on two datasets evaluated. Finally, we propose a novel dynamic fixed-point accelerator and fully demonstrate the SW/HW co-design realization of our flow on an embedded FPGA platform. In comparison with the embedded CPU, our hardware acceleration achieves up to 8.3x speedup for the overall pipeline while using less than 15% of the available FPGA resources. We also provide comparisons between the FPGA system and an embedded GPU showing different benefits and drawbacks for the two platforms.