Incorporating biogeography into evaluations of the Channel Islands marine reserve network

被引:128
|
作者
Hamilton, Scott L. [1 ]
Caselle, Jennifer E. [1 ]
Malone, Dan P. [2 ]
Carr, Mark H. [2 ]
机构
[1] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA
[2] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
关键词
ecosystem-based management; kelp forest ecosystem; marine protected areas; monitoring; response ratios; ECOLOGICAL CRITERIA; PROTECTED AREAS; POPULATIONS; MANAGEMENT; BENEFITS; REEF; SIZE; CONNECTIVITY; CONSERVATION; PREDATION;
D O I
10.1073/pnas.0908091107
中图分类号
O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];
学科分类号
07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;
摘要
Networks of marine reserves are increasingly a major component of many ecosystem-based management plans designed to conserve biodiversity, protect the structure and function of ecosystems, and rebuild and sustain fisheries. There is a growing need for scientific guidance in the design of network-wide monitoring programs to evaluate the efficacy of reserves at meeting their conservation and management goals. Here, we present an evaluation of the Channel Islands reserve network, which was established in 2003 off the coast of southern California. This reserve network spans a major environmental and biogeographic gradient, making it a challenge to assess network-wide responses of many species. Using fish community structure data from a long-term, large-scale monitoring program, we first identified persistent geographic patterns of community structure and the scale at which sites should be grouped for analysis. Fish communities differed most among islands with densities of individual species varying from 3- to 250-fold. Habitat structure differed among islands but not based on reserve status. Across the network, we found that, after 5 years, species targeted by fishing had higher densities (1.5x) and biomass (1.8x) inside reserves, whereas nontargeted species showed no significant differences. Examining trophic groups, piscivore and carnivore biomass was significantly greater inside reserves (1.8x and 1.3x more, respectively), whereas the biomass of planktivores and herbivores was similar inside and out. A framework for incorporating biogeographic variation into reserve network assessments is critical as we move from the evaluation of single reserves to networks of reserves.
引用
收藏
页码:18272 / 18277
页数:6
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