Evaluation of the Pelvic Floor of Women with Breast Cancer Using Tamoxifen by Transperineal 3D Ultrasonography

Objective This study aimed to investigate the anatomical changes in the pelvic floor of women with breast cancer using tamoxifen by transperineal 3D ultrasonography and their effect on the urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Methods Ninety-four patients with breast cancer using TAM in the study group and ninety-five healthy women of the same age in the control group were included in this prospective cohort study. Female Sexual Function Index and Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form scales were applied to both groups. Ultrasonographic evaluation was performed at resting and Valsalva Maneuver with a convex (3-8 MHz) probe transperineally and the levator urethra gap and levator hiatus diameter were measured after 3-dimensional imaging. Independent t-tests were performed for statistical analysis. Results The mean age and body mass index of the experimental group versus control groups were 46.3 +/- 6.12 years versus 46.4 +/- 5.23 years and 27.6 +/- 4.34 kg/m(2) versus 29.2 +/- 6.45 kg/m(2), respectively. LUG and LH values were found significantly higher for the experimental groups compared to control groups at 17.23 +/- 2.53 mm versus 14.1 +/- 2.23 mm and 21 +/- 2.45 cm(2) versus 18 +/- 4.56 cm(2), respectively. (p < 0.05). The FSFI score significantly decreased (12.49 +/- 3.58 versus 20.89 +/- 3.69) and the ICIQ-SF score increased (4.02 +/- 0.34 versus 2.34 +/- 0.45) in the experimental group in comparison to control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that the effects of TAM usage on pelvic floor can be detected by measuring the changes in the levator ani muscle using the transperineal 3D USG. With transperineal USG screening, pelvic floor changes can be early diagnosed and clinical measures can be taken before they become symptomatic.