Azadirachta indica leaf extract mediated biosynthesized rod-shaped zinc oxide nanoparticles for in vitro lung cancer treatment

In this work, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs - L5 and L10) are biosynthesized using 5 mL and 10 mL leaf extract of Azadirachta indica, respectively. As-prepared L5/L10 NPs revealed hexagonal wurtzite structure while their surface is attached with phytochemicals coating. FESEM micrographs confirmed 50 - 120 and 30 - 70 nm rod-shaped L5/L10 ZnO nanoparticles. DLS study showed hydrodynamic sizes 580.41/356.2 nm and zeta potential values of -47.17/ 51.70 mV for L5/L10, respectively indicating their good colloidal stability. The anticancer activity of L5/L10 NPs is evaluated via MTT assay which confirmed that the cell viability of A549 cells is significantly reduced depending on the dosage of L5/L10 NPs. Moreover, IC50 values are obtained as 125.64 and 115.63 mu g/mL for L5 and L10, respectively. Furthermore, flow cytometry reveals 88 % and 89.3 % arrest of the G1 phase of the cell cycle due to the anticancer effect of L5 and L10 NPs, respectively.