The effect of accounting comparability on the accrual-based and real earnings management

This study investigates whether and how managers' opportunistic earnings management activities are affected by the degree of their firms' accounting comparability with other firms. Using a large sample of U.S. firms, I find that managers' real earnings management (REM) increases whereas their accrual-based earnings management (AEM) decreases with the degree of their firms' accounting comparability with other firms. I also find that this opportunistic behavior to "escape" from AEM to REM facing higher accounting comparability is mitigated when firms' information environment and/or audit quality are better. These findings are robust to various sensitivity tests including the one to address the possible endogeneity of accounting comparability. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.