Multidetector-row CT in severe pulmonary embolism - Radiologists' help in risk stratification

Multidetector-row computed tomographic (CT) angiography of pulmonary arteries is the first-line imaging technique in patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism ( PE). Patient risk stratification is important because optimal management, monitoring, and therapeutic strategies depend on the patient's prognosis. Acute right-sided heart failure is known to be responsible for circulatory collapse and death in patients with severe PE. Acute right-sided heart failure can be assessed on CT pulmonary angiography by measuring the dimensions of the right-sided heart cavities or systemic veins. The magnitude of PE can be calculated on CT pulmonary angiography by applying dedicated CT scores or angiographic scores adapted. This article reviews and discusses the various CT-based methods for risk stratification of patients with acute PE.