Mineralization characteristics and structural controls of hydrothermal deposits in the Gyeongsang Basin, South Korea

Hydrothermal deposits in the Gyeongsang Basin show the genetic relationship with igneous activity from Late Cretaceous to Early Tertiary in the spatial and temporal viewpoints, Many hydrothermal Au-Ag-Cu-Pb-Zn and clay deposits are dominantly distributed within the Gyeongsang Basin. The Gyeongsang Basin is divided into seven metallogenic provinces by spatial distribution. The age ranges of igneous activity and mineralization are 140similar to40 Ma and 100similar to40 Ma, respectively, and the most dominant age ranges of the both activities are from 90 Ma (Coniacian) to 50 Ma (Eocene). The age consistency between igneous activity and mineralization suggests that this age range is the climactic period of the hydrothermal activity of the Gyeongsang Basin. The metallogenic epochs in the Gyeongsang Basin are divided into three epochs of 100similar to80 Ma (western part of the Gyeongsang Basin), 80similar to60 Ma (central part of the Gyeongsang Basin), and 60similar to40 Ma (eastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin). The mineralization and igneous activity tend to become young eastward in the Gyeongsang Basin. NNW-SSE mineralized veins from 100 to 80 Ma in the western part of the Gyeongsang Basin are interpreted as the control of the parallel tensional fissures caused by NNW-SSE compressional stress. NW-SE mineralized veins from 80 to 60 Ma in the central part of the Gyeongsang Basin seem to have been formed under the same stress as that of the Gaeum and Yangsan Fault Systems. Namely, NW-SE tensional stress is associated with a conjugate set of fracturing of the WNW-ESE Gaeum Fault System and NNE-SSW Yangsan Fault System. Also NE-SW mineralized veins from 60 to 40 Ma in the eastern part of the Gyeongsang Basin seem to be controlled by the NE-SW fractures. The fractures are related with NE-SW compressional stress and are developed as secondary fractures within the dextral strike slip Yangsan Fault System.