Distance measures for embedded graphs

We introduce new distance measures for comparing straight-line embedded graphs based on the Frechet distance and the weak Frechet distance. These graph distances are defined using continuous mappings and thus take the combinatorial structure as well as the geometric embeddings of the graphs into account. We present a general algorithmic approach for computing these graph distances. Although we show that deciding the distances is NP-hard for general embedded graphs, we prove that our approach yields polynomial time algorithms if the graphs are trees, and for the distance based on the weak Frechet distance if the graphs are planar embedded and if the embedding meets a certain geometric restriction. Moreover, we prove that deciding the distances based on the Frechet distance remains NP-hard for planar embedded graphs and show how our general algorithmic approach yields an exponential time algorithm and a polynomial time approximation algorithm for this case. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.